Municipal governments across the country are facing mounting challenges in addressing per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) contamination in their wastewater systems. These persistent chemicals, often called “forever chemicals,” enter wastewater treatment plants through industrial discharge, consumer products, and landfill runoff. While drinking water systems have received federal funding for PFAS remediation, municipalities often struggle to secure the financial resources needed for wastewater cleanup. So, where can local governments turn for assistance?

A recent article from American City & County highlights the limited federal funding available for wastewater-specific PFAS mitigation. However, municipal governments are finding creative ways to address this gap, leveraging state programs, legal action, and public-private partnerships to support their remediation efforts.

Exploring Alternative Funding Sources

Because direct federal aid for wastewater PFAS treatment is scarce, municipal governments must take a multi-faceted approach to funding. Here are some strategies to consider:

1. State Revolving Funds (SRFs): Many states offer low-interest loans and grants through SRFs, designed to support municipal water infrastructure improvements. Some states have expanded eligibility to include PFAS-related projects for wastewater treatment facilities.
2. Legal Settlements: Several municipalities have pursued litigation against PFAS manufacturers, seeking compensation for cleanup costs. While this route can take time, successful cases have resulted in significant financial support for local governments.
3. Public-Private Partnerships (PPPs): Collaborating with private firms specializing in advanced water treatment can provide municipal wastewater utilities with innovative solutions while spreading the financial burden.
4. Green Bonds & Environmental Impact Bonds: These financing tools allow municipal governments to raise funds for environmental projects, including wastewater treatment upgrades aimed at reducing PFAS contamination.

Beyond Funding: Proactive Steps for PFAS Management

Securing funding is only part of the solution—municipal governments must also implement proactive strategies to manage PFAS effectively:

• Source Identification & Control: Conducting assessments to determine primary sources of PFAS entering wastewater systems can help municipalities implement targeted mitigation strategies.
• Advanced Treatment Technologies: Investing in filtration systems such as activated carbon, ion exchange, or high-pressure membranes can significantly reduce PFAS levels in wastewater effluent.
• Regulatory Compliance & Community Engagement: Keeping up with evolving state and federal PFAS regulations ensures compliance while educating the public about how they can help reduce PFAS pollution at the source.

The Role of Municipal Leaders in PFAS Remediation

Municipal leaders play a critical role in securing funding and implementing PFAS mitigation measures. Proactive engagement with policymakers, state agencies, and industry experts can help municipalities stay ahead of regulatory changes and funding opportunities.

Building a Case for Funding

To increase the likelihood of securing financial assistance, municipalities should develop comprehensive PFAS management plans. These plans should include:

• Data Collection and Analysis: Conducting thorough testing to determine PFAS levels in wastewater and identifying primary sources of contamination.
• Cost-Benefit Analysis: Outlining the financial impact of PFAS contamination and demonstrating the long-term savings of early intervention.
• Community Impact Reports: Highlighting the public health and environmental risks of PFAS contamination to justify the need for funding.

Advocacy and Policy Engagement

Municipal governments should actively advocate for increased state and federal funding dedicated to PFAS cleanup. Engaging with legislators and participating in policy discussions can help shape funding priorities and regulatory frameworks that support wastewater treatment facilities.

Innovative Technological Approaches to PFAS Removal

New and emerging technologies are offering promising solutions for PFAS removal in wastewater systems. Municipalities should stay informed about advancements in:

• Electrochemical Oxidation: A technology that breaks down PFAS compounds at the molecular level, preventing their accumulation in the environment.
• Biochar Filtration: Using carbon-based materials derived from organic sources to adsorb PFAS from wastewater.
• Plasma-Based Treatment: A cutting-edge approach that utilizes plasma technology to degrade PFAS molecules effectively.

Investing in pilot programs and partnerships with research institutions can help municipalities evaluate the feasibility of these technologies for large-scale implementation.

Looking Ahead

With increasing public awareness and regulatory focus on PFAS contamination, municipal governments must be proactive in seeking funding and implementing mitigation measures. While challenges remain, a combination of state assistance, legal avenues, and strategic partnerships can help municipalities navigate the financial and operational hurdles of PFAS cleanup.

By fostering collaboration, leveraging innovative solutions, and advocating for policy changes, municipalities can ensure the long-term sustainability of their wastewater treatment systems and protect public health.